History
Today we live in a fast
changing world. The fast changing world has its own demands of communicating,
connecting with people as fast as possible i.e. in minimum time possible
without the consideration of location of the user. The continuous demands and requirements
for wireless communication systems have led to the need for a better
understanding of fundamental issues in communication theory and electromagnetic
and the implications for the design of highly-capable wireless systems.
The
technology has been changed day by day and communication and mobile network
application has been increased. Mobile network and its data growth and the use
of Smartphone are creating extraordinary challenges for wireless service
providers to conquer a global bandwidth shortage. Mobile phones are becoming a
vital part of human life.
The mobile
communication systems and the wireless communication technologies have been
improving very fast day by day. Devices continue to shrink in size while
growing in processing power. Consumers are demanding more advanced and useful
applications. Hence, there is need of capacity improvements in wireless
communications .In addition; wireless communications is active areas of
technology development of our time. Several major cellular wireless communication
techniques have been proposed in order to meet these user expectations.
1G was
basically analog cellular systems with circuit switched network architecture.
The main challenge of the technology was basic voice telephony, low capacity
and limited local and regional coverage. The increased demand for high
frequency ranges in the telecommunications sector caused development in analog
to digital transmission techniques. 2G arrived to meet the capacity demands of
expansion of voice plus telephony, text messaging and limited circuit switched
data services.
The 3G
system integrate voice and data applications. 3rd generation technologies of
Mobile network allow network operators to offer users a wider range of advanced
services while attain greater network capacity through improve spectral
efficiency. 3rd generation makes use of wireless voice telephony, video calls,
and broadband wireless data, all in one in mobile environment.
The 4G is a
new generation of wireless that replaces the 3G systems. The key features of
the 4G infrastructures are accessing information anywhere, anytime, with a
seamless connection to a wide range of information and services, and receiving
a large volume of information, data, pictures, video, and so on. The future 4G
infrastructures integrate various networks using Internet protocol as a common
protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose every
application and environment. Based on the developing trends of mobile
communications, the 4G focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of
wireless systems and networks and have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and
smoother and quicker handoff.
4G fourth
generation of mobile network that is it is based on wireless technology
standard. It is a descendant of 3rd generation and 2nd generation of mobile
network. Mobile generation generally refers to change in the technology and
nature of the service, the first was the move from 1981 analogue 1G to digital
2G transmission in 1992. 4G is essentially the extension in the 3G technology
with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. The prospect from 4G
technology is principally high quality audio/video streaming over end to end
internet practice.
The
International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector (ITU-R)
specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the International
Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) specification, setting peak
speed requirements for 4G service at 100 megabits per second (Mbit/s) for high
mobility communication (such as from trains and cars) and 1 gigabit per second
(Gbit/s) for low mobility communication (such as pedestrians and stationary
users).
3rd
Generation (3G)
3G stands
for third generation the world best connection method. Both the communication
and Government companies approved 3G standard. The basic feature of 3G
technology fast data transfer rate. 3G technology uses TDMA and CDMA. 3G
network range between 400 MHz to 3GHz. The 3G uses WCDMA framework and it’s
very flexible and unique. 3G provides high speed internet and high quality
audio quality as compare to the 2G the IMT-2000 standard, a systemize required
to provide peak data rates of at least 200 Kbit/s about 0.2 Mbit/s. 3G offer
recently 3.5G and 3.75G and it also provides broadband access of several Mbit/s
to Smartphone and mobile.
4th
Generation (4G)
The 4G
(fourth generation) of mobile network communication, 4G standard very fast and
reliable as compare to 3G network 4G communication is very fast and reliable
and unique. Voice quality and video quality very reliable and multimedia
messaging service, it’s guaranteed to deliver data on destination. 1G based on
analog signal and 2G based on digital and 3G support multimedia access. 4G is
basically the extension of 3G technology with more bandwidth and speed. The
prospect from 4G technology is high speed internet connection and high speed
and reliable voice quality. According to Muddit (2010) at el. The word Magic
also refers to 4G wireless technology which stands for Mobile multimedia,
anywhere global mobility solutions over, integrated wireless and customized
services.
Comparison
between 3G and 4G wireless network
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3G
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4G
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3rd
generation
of mobile telecommunications technology also called Tri-Band 3G.
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4G
is the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communication technology
standards.
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It
is the successor to 2G technology.
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It
is the successor to 3G technology.
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It
has various release versions like 3.5G, 3.75G.
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It
do not have its own release versions whereas it has release
versions of technologies under it.
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The
technologies under it are CDMA 2000, UMTS, EDGE, 1XRTT, EVDO.
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The
technologies under it are WiMAX, Lte.
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It
based on high capacity broadband data.
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It
is completely based on Internet Protocol.
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It
has data bandwidth of 2Mbps.
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It
has data bandwidth of 200Mbps.
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It
has bandwidth of 5-10 Mbps.
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Flexible
bandwidth.
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The
spectral efficiency ranges from 1-5 Mhz.
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The
spectral efficiency could be 20 Mhz.
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Costly
in implementation.
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Low
cost than 3G.
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The
data throughput is up to 3.1Mbps.
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The
data throughput practically is 3-5Mbps and potentially it is 100-300 Mbps.
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It
has a peak upload rate of 5 Mbps.
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It
has a peak upload rate of 500 Mbps.
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The
peak download rate is 100 Mbps.
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The
peak download rate is 1 Gbps
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It
supports packet switching.
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It
supports packet as well as message switching.
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Its
network architecture is wide area cell based.
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Its
network architecture is integration of wireless LAN and wide area network.
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It
uses turbo codes for error correction.
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It
uses concatenated codes for error correction.
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It
has frequency band of 1.8-2.5 GHz.
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It
has frequency band of 2-8 GHz.
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It
provides video access to the user.
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It
provides HD video access to the users.
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No
virtual presence.
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Virtual
presence is also possible.
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It
provides digital navigation.
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It
provides virtual navigation.
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Comparison
between 3G and 4G based on merits and demerits.
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Technology/Features
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3G
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4G
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Start/Development
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1990/2002
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2000/2010
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Data
Bandwidth
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2 Mbps
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2000 Mbps
to 1Gbps for low mobility
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Standards
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WCDMA,
CDMA-2000
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Single
unified standard
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Technology
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Broad
bandwidth CDMA, IP technology
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Unified IP
and seamless combination of broadband LAN/WAN/PAN/ and WLAN
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Service
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Integrated
higher quality audio, video and data
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Dynamic
Information Access, Wearable Devices
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Multiplexing
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CDMA
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CDMA
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Switching
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Packet
except circuit for air interface
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All packet
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Core
Network
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Packet
Network
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Internet
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Handoff
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Horizontal
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Horizontal
and vertical
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TECHNOLOGY OF 3G AND 4G
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TECHNOLOGY
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3G
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4G
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DATA BANDWIDTH
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2 Mbps
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200 Mbps
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STANDARDS
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WCDMA, CDMA-2000
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Single unified standard
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TECHNOLOGY
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Broad bandwidth CDMA, IP technology
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Unified IP and seamless combination of
broadband, LAN/WAN/PAN and WLAN
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SERVICES
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Integrated high quality audio, video and
data
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Dynamic information access, wearable
devices
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MULTIPLEXING
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CDMA
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CDMA
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SWITCHING
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Packet except circuit for air interface
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All packet
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CORE NETWORK
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Packet network
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Internet
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HANDOFF
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Horizontal
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Horizontal and Vertical
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ADVANTAGES
DAN DISADVANTAGES OF 3G AND 4G
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Customers will get a high speed network for their
communication
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If customers live in a area where the connectivity is low or
non-existent then they will not be able to use this.
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Customer will get wireless broadband
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Drains the
battery life of customers phone
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Customers can use all the facilities at same time
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The radiation of magnetic waves generated with the
heavily use of the wireless system will affect human life
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Cheap than the other traditional media we are using.
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In this situation these companies will either
disappear from this sector or will run with losses. Because of the customers
will start to use the services of the companies having 3G technology.
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Due to use of the DTH & the 3G technology,
everyone will use these multi-purpose services to avoid time loss and keeping
records for different service providers
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The traditional cable business will badly affected
by implementing this new technology
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References
Gupta, S., Shakya, S., & Tyagi, H. (2013). The 4G Technology V / S other G Technologies. Journal
of Advanced Research in Computer
Science and Software Engineering, 3(3), 2011-2014.
Majeed, A.
(2015). Comparative Studies of 3G , 4G &
5G Mobile Network & Data Offloading Method a Survey. International Journal of Research
in Information Technology, 3(5), 421-427
